require "pathname"
require "active_support/core_ext/class"
require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
require "action_view/template"
require "thread"
require "concurrent/map"

module ActionView
  # = Action View Resolver
  class Resolver
    # Keeps all information about view path and builds virtual path.
    class Path
      attr_reader :name, :prefix, :partial, :virtual
      alias_method :partial?, :partial

      def self.build(name, prefix, partial)
        virtual = ""
        virtual << "#{prefix}/" unless prefix.empty?
        virtual << (partial ? "_#{name}" : name)
        new name, prefix, partial, virtual
      end

      def initialize(name, prefix, partial, virtual)
        @name    = name
        @prefix  = prefix
        @partial = partial
        @virtual = virtual
      end

      def to_str
        @virtual
      end
      alias :to_s :to_str
    end

    # Threadsafe template cache
    class Cache #:nodoc:
      class SmallCache < Concurrent::Map
        def initialize(options = {})
          super(options.merge(:initial_capacity => 2))
        end
      end

      # preallocate all the default blocks for performance/memory consumption reasons
      PARTIAL_BLOCK = lambda {|cache, partial| cache[partial] = SmallCache.new}
      PREFIX_BLOCK  = lambda {|cache, prefix|  cache[prefix]  = SmallCache.new(&PARTIAL_BLOCK)}
      NAME_BLOCK    = lambda {|cache, name|    cache[name]    = SmallCache.new(&PREFIX_BLOCK)}
      KEY_BLOCK     = lambda {|cache, key|     cache[key]     = SmallCache.new(&NAME_BLOCK)}

      # usually a majority of template look ups return nothing, use this canonical preallocated array to save memory
      NO_TEMPLATES = [].freeze

      def initialize
        @data = SmallCache.new(&KEY_BLOCK)
        @query_cache = SmallCache.new
      end

      def inspect
        "#<#{self.class.name}:0x#{(object_id << 1).to_s(16)} keys=#{@data.size} queries=#{@query_cache.size}>"
      end

      # Cache the templates returned by the block
      def cache(key, name, prefix, partial, locals)
        if Resolver.caching?
          @data[key][name][prefix][partial][locals] ||= canonical_no_templates(yield)
        else
          fresh_templates  = yield
          cached_templates = @data[key][name][prefix][partial][locals]

          if templates_have_changed?(cached_templates, fresh_templates)
            @data[key][name][prefix][partial][locals] = canonical_no_templates(fresh_templates)
          else
            cached_templates || NO_TEMPLATES
          end
        end
      end

      def cache_query(query) # :nodoc:
        if Resolver.caching?
          @query_cache[query] ||= canonical_no_templates(yield)
        else
          yield
        end
      end

      def clear
        @data.clear
        @query_cache.clear
      end

      private

      def canonical_no_templates(templates)
        templates.empty? ? NO_TEMPLATES : templates
      end

      def templates_have_changed?(cached_templates, fresh_templates)
        # if either the old or new template list is empty, we don't need to (and can't)
        # compare modification times, and instead just check whether the lists are different
        if cached_templates.blank? || fresh_templates.blank?
          return fresh_templates.blank? != cached_templates.blank?
        end

        cached_templates_max_updated_at = cached_templates.map(&:updated_at).max

        # if a template has changed, it will be now be newer than all the cached templates
        fresh_templates.any? { |t| t.updated_at > cached_templates_max_updated_at }
      end
    end

    cattr_accessor :caching
    self.caching = true

    class << self
      alias :caching? :caching
    end

    def initialize
      @cache = Cache.new
    end

    def clear_cache
      @cache.clear
    end

    # Normalizes the arguments and passes it on to find_templates.
    def find_all(name, prefix=nil, partial=false, details={}, key=nil, locals=[])
      cached(key, [name, prefix, partial], details, locals) do
        find_templates(name, prefix, partial, details)
      end
    end

    def find_all_anywhere(name, prefix, partial=false, details={}, key=nil, locals=[])
      cached(key, [name, prefix, partial], details, locals) do
        find_templates(name, prefix, partial, details, true)
      end
    end

    def find_all_with_query(query) # :nodoc:
      @cache.cache_query(query) { find_template_paths(File.join(@path, query)) }
    end

  private

    delegate :caching?, to: :class

    # This is what child classes implement. No defaults are needed
    # because Resolver guarantees that the arguments are present and
    # normalized.
    def find_templates(name, prefix, partial, details, outside_app_allowed = false)
      raise NotImplementedError, "Subclasses must implement a find_templates(name, prefix, partial, details, outside_app_allowed = false) method"
    end

    # Helpers that builds a path. Useful for building virtual paths.
    def build_path(name, prefix, partial)
      Path.build(name, prefix, partial)
    end

    # Handles templates caching. If a key is given and caching is on
    # always check the cache before hitting the resolver. Otherwise,
    # it always hits the resolver but if the key is present, check if the
    # resolver is fresher before returning it.
    def cached(key, path_info, details, locals) #:nodoc:
      name, prefix, partial = path_info
      locals = locals.map(&:to_s).sort!

      if key
        @cache.cache(key, name, prefix, partial, locals) do
          decorate(yield, path_info, details, locals)
        end
      else
        decorate(yield, path_info, details, locals)
      end
    end

    # Ensures all the resolver information is set in the template.
    def decorate(templates, path_info, details, locals) #:nodoc:
      cached = nil
      templates.each do |t|
        t.locals         = locals
        t.formats        = details[:formats]  || [:html] if t.formats.empty?
        t.variants       = details[:variants] || []      if t.variants.empty?
        t.virtual_path ||= (cached ||= build_path(*path_info))
      end
    end
  end

  # An abstract class that implements a Resolver with path semantics.
  class PathResolver < Resolver #:nodoc:
    EXTENSIONS = { :locale => ".", :formats => ".", :variants => "+", :handlers => "." }
    DEFAULT_PATTERN = ":prefix/:action{.:locale,}{.:formats,}{+:variants,}{.:handlers,}"

    def initialize(pattern=nil)
      @pattern = pattern || DEFAULT_PATTERN
      super()
    end

    private

    def find_templates(name, prefix, partial, details, outside_app_allowed = false)
      path = Path.build(name, prefix, partial)
      query(path, details, details[:formats], outside_app_allowed)
    end

    def query(path, details, formats, outside_app_allowed)
      query = build_query(path, details)

      template_paths = find_template_paths(query)
      template_paths = reject_files_external_to_app(template_paths) unless outside_app_allowed

      template_paths.map do |template|
        handler, format, variant = extract_handler_and_format_and_variant(template, formats)
        contents = File.binread(template)

        Template.new(contents, File.expand_path(template), handler,
          :virtual_path => path.virtual,
          :format       => format,
          :variant      => variant,
          :updated_at   => mtime(template)
        )
      end
    end

    def reject_files_external_to_app(files)
      files.reject { |filename| !inside_path?(@path, filename) }
    end

    def find_template_paths(query)
      Dir[query].uniq.reject do |filename|
        File.directory?(filename) ||
          # deals with case-insensitive file systems.
          !File.fnmatch(query, filename, File::FNM_EXTGLOB)
      end
    end

    def inside_path?(path, filename)
      filename = File.expand_path(filename)
      path = File.join(path, '')
      filename.start_with?(path)
    end

    # Helper for building query glob string based on resolver's pattern.
    def build_query(path, details)
      query = @pattern.dup

      prefix = path.prefix.empty? ? '' : "#{escape_entry(path.prefix)}\\1"
      query.gsub!(/:prefix(\/)?/, prefix)

      partial = escape_entry(path.partial? ? "_#{path.name}" : path.name)
      query.gsub!(/:action/, partial)

      details.each do |ext, candidates|
        if ext == :variants && candidates == :any
          query.gsub!(/:#{ext}/, "*")
        else
          query.gsub!(/:#{ext}/, "{#{candidates.compact.uniq.join(',')}}")
        end
      end

      File.expand_path(query, @path)
    end

    def escape_entry(entry)
      entry.gsub(/[*?{}\[\]]/, '\\\\\\&'.freeze)
    end

    # Returns the file mtime from the filesystem.
    def mtime(p)
      File.mtime(p)
    end

    # Extract handler, formats and variant from path. If a format cannot be found neither
    # from the path, or the handler, we should return the array of formats given
    # to the resolver.
    def extract_handler_and_format_and_variant(path, default_formats)
      pieces = File.basename(path).split('.'.freeze)
      pieces.shift

      extension = pieces.pop

      handler = Template.handler_for_extension(extension)
      format, variant = pieces.last.split(EXTENSIONS[:variants], 2) if pieces.last
      format  &&= Template::Types[format]

      [handler, format, variant]
    end
  end

  # A resolver that loads files from the filesystem. It allows setting your own
  # resolving pattern. Such pattern can be a glob string supported by some variables.
  #
  # ==== Examples
  #
  # Default pattern, loads views the same way as previous versions of rails, eg. when you're
  # looking for `users/new` it will produce query glob: `users/new{.{en},}{.{html,js},}{.{erb,haml},}`
  #
  #   FileSystemResolver.new("/path/to/views", ":prefix/:action{.:locale,}{.:formats,}{+:variants,}{.:handlers,}")
  #
  # This one allows you to keep files with different formats in separate subdirectories,
  # eg. `users/new.html` will be loaded from `users/html/new.erb` or `users/new.html.erb`,
  # `users/new.js` from `users/js/new.erb` or `users/new.js.erb`, etc.
  #
  #   FileSystemResolver.new("/path/to/views", ":prefix/{:formats/,}:action{.:locale,}{.:formats,}{+:variants,}{.:handlers,}")
  #
  # If you don't specify a pattern then the default will be used.
  #
  # In order to use any of the customized resolvers above in a Rails application, you just need
  # to configure ActionController::Base.view_paths in an initializer, for example:
  #
  #   ActionController::Base.view_paths = FileSystemResolver.new(
  #     Rails.root.join("app/views"),
  #     ":prefix/:action{.:locale,}{.:formats,}{+:variants,}{.:handlers,}",
  #   )
  #
  # ==== Pattern format and variables
  #
  # Pattern has to be a valid glob string, and it allows you to use the
  # following variables:
  #
  # * <tt>:prefix</tt> - usually the controller path
  # * <tt>:action</tt> - name of the action
  # * <tt>:locale</tt> - possible locale versions
  # * <tt>:formats</tt> - possible request formats (for example html, json, xml...)
  # * <tt>:variants</tt> - possible request variants (for example phone, tablet...)
  # * <tt>:handlers</tt> - possible handlers (for example erb, haml, builder...)
  #
  class FileSystemResolver < PathResolver
    def initialize(path, pattern=nil)
      raise ArgumentError, "path already is a Resolver class" if path.is_a?(Resolver)
      super(pattern)
      @path = File.expand_path(path)
    end

    def to_s
      @path.to_s
    end
    alias :to_path :to_s

    def eql?(resolver)
      self.class.equal?(resolver.class) && to_path == resolver.to_path
    end
    alias :== :eql?
  end

  # An Optimized resolver for Rails' most common case.
  class OptimizedFileSystemResolver < FileSystemResolver #:nodoc:
    def build_query(path, details)
      query = escape_entry(File.join(@path, path))

      exts = EXTENSIONS.map do |ext, prefix|
        if ext == :variants && details[ext] == :any
          "{#{prefix}*,}"
        else
          "{#{details[ext].compact.uniq.map { |e| "#{prefix}#{e}," }.join}}"
        end
      end.join

      query + exts
    end
  end

  # The same as FileSystemResolver but does not allow templates to store
  # a virtual path since it is invalid for such resolvers.
  class FallbackFileSystemResolver < FileSystemResolver #:nodoc:
    def self.instances
      [new(""), new("/")]
    end

    def decorate(*)
      super.each { |t| t.virtual_path = nil }
    end
  end
end
